The theories and discoveries of thousands of physicists over the past century have resulted in a remarkable insight into the fundamental structure of matter: everything in the Universe is found to be made from twelve basic building blocks called fundamental particles, governed by four fundamental forces. Our best understanding of how these twelve particles and three of the forces are related to each other is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particles and forces. Developed in the early 1970s, it has successfully explained a host of experimental results and precisely predicted a wide variety of phenomena. Over time and through many experiments by many physicists, the Standard Model has become established as a well-tested physics theory.

Everything around us is made of matter particles.These occur in two basic types called quarks and leptons.

The LHC accelerator was originally conceived in the 1980s and approved for construction by the CERN Council in late 1994. Turning this ambitious scientific plan into reality proved to be an immensely complex task.

Civil engineering work to excavate underground caverns to house the huge detectors for the experiments started in 1998. Five years later, the last cubic metre of ground was finally dug for the whole project.

Numerous state-of-the-art technologies were pushed even further to meet the accelerator's exacting specifications and unprecedented demands.

Anticipating the colossal amount of data the LHC's experiments would produce (nearly 1% of the world’s information production rate), a new approach to data storage, management, sharing and analysis was created in the LHC Computing Grid project.

For more than a decade, building the LHC had been a dream for many who have worked hard to bring it to completion. Finally we can retell the story of this adventure in a journey, from a dream to a reality…

Each group consists of six particles, which are related in pairs, or ‘generations’. The lightest and most stable particles make up the first generation, whereas the heavier and less stable particles belong to the second and third generations. All stable matter in the Universe is made from particles that belong to the first generation; any heavier particles quickly decay to the next most stable level.

The six quarks are paired in the three generations – the 'up quark' and the 'down quark' form the first generation, followed by the 'charm quark' and 'strange quark', then the 'top quark' and 'bottom quark'. The six leptons are similarly arranged in three generations – the 'electron' and the 'electron-neutrino', the 'muon' and the 'muon-neutrino', and the 'tau' and the 'tau-neutrino'. The electron, the muon and the tau all have an electric charge and a mass, whereas the neutrinos are electrically neutral with very little mass.

There are four fundamental forces at work in the Universe: the strong force, the weak force, the electromagnetic force, and the gravitational force. They work over different ranges and have different strengths. Gravity is the weakest but it has an infinite range. The electromagnetic force also has infinite range but it is many times stronger than gravity. The weak and strong forces are effective only over a very short range and dominate only at the level of subatomic particles. Despite its name, the weak force is much stronger than gravity but it is indeed the weakest of the other three. The strong force is, as the name says, the strongest among all the four fundamental interactions.

We know that three of the fundamental forces result from the exchange of force carrier particles, which belong to a broader group called ‘bosons’. Matter particles transfer discrete amounts of energy by exchanging bosons with each other. Each fundamental force has its own corresponding boson particle – the strong force is carried by the ‘gluon’, the electromagnetic force is carried by the ‘photon’, and the ‘W and Z bosons’ are responsible for the weak force. Although not yet found, the ‘graviton’ should be the corresponding force-carrying particle of gravity.

The Standard Model includes the electromagnetic, strong and weak forces and all their carrier particles, and explains extremely well how these forces act on all the matter particles. However, the most familiar force in our everyday lives, gravity, is not part of the Standard Model. In fact, fitting gravity comfortably into the framework has proved to be a difficult challenge. The quantum theory used to describe the micro world, and the general theory of relativity used to describe the macro world, are like two children who refuse to play nicely together. No one has managed to make the two mathematically compatible in the context of the Standard Model. But luckily for particle physics, when it comes to the minuscule scale of particles, the effect of gravity is so weak as to be negligible. Only when we have matter in bulk, such as in ourselves or in planets, does the effect of gravity dominate. So the Standard Model still works well despite its reluctant exclusion of one of the fundamental forces.

For the past few decades, physicists have been able to describe with increasing detail the fundamental particles that make up the Universe and the interactions between them. This understanding is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics, but it contains gaps and cannot tell us the whole story. To fill in the missing knowledge requires experimental data, and the next big step to achieving this is with LHC.

A giant particle accelerator near Geneva at the European Center for Nuclear Research- built over the past 14 years, with a 17-mile circumference, at a cost of $8 billion -- is expected to begin experimental runs in the summer of September 10th 2008.

The objective is to explore phenomenon thought to be involved in the origins of the universe.

A lawsuit filed in U.S. federal court during last week of March alleges that the experiment could open up a black hole that instantly consumes the entire planet, and possibly much more. "Compression of the two atoms colliding together at nearly light speed will cause an irreversible implosion, forming a miniature version of a giant black hole."

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a gigantic scientific instrument near Geneva, where it spans the border between Switzerland and France about 100 m underground. It is a particle accelerator used by physicists to study the smallest known particles – the fundamental building blocks of all things. It will revolutionise our understanding, from the minuscule world deep within atoms to the vastness of the Universe.A Particle Accelerators were invented to provide energetic particles to investigate the structure of the atomic nucleus. Since then, they have been used to investigate many aspects of particle physics. Their job is to speed up and increase the energy of a beam of particles by generating electric fields that accelerate the particles, and magnetic fields that steer and focus them.An accelerator comes either in the form of a ring (circular accelerator), where a beam of particles travels repeatedly round a loop, or in a straight line (linear accelerator), where the beam travels from one end to the other. A number of accelerators may be joined together in sequence to reach successively higher energies.

The main components of an accelerator include:

• Radiofrequency (RF) cavities and electric fields – these provide acceleration to a beam of particles. RF cavities are located intermittently along the beam pipe. Each time a beam passes the electric field in an RF cavity, some of the energy from the radio wave is transferred to the particles.
• Vacuum chamber – this is a metal pipe (also known as the beam pipe) inside which a beam of particles travels. It is kept at an ultrahigh vacuum to minimise the amount of gas present to avoid collisions between gas molecules and the particles in the beam.
• Magnets – various types of magnets are used to serve different functions. For example, dipole magnets are usually used to bend the path of a beam of particles that would otherwise travel in a straight line. The more energy a particle has, the greater the magnetic field needed to bend its path. Quadrupole magnets are used to focus a beam, gathering all the particles closer together (similar to the way that lenses are used to focus a beam of light).

Collisions at accelerators can occur either against a fixed target, or between two beams of particles. Particle detectors are placed around the collision point to record and reveal the particles that emerge from the collision.

The job of a particle detector is to record and visualise the explosions of particles that result from the collisions at accelerators. The information obtained on a particle's speed, mass, and electric charge help physicists to work out the identity of the particle.

The work particle physicists do to identify a particle that has passed through a detector is similar to the way someone would study the tracks of footprints left by animals in mud or snow. In animal prints, factors such as the size and shape of the marks, length of stride, overall pattern, direction and depth of prints, can reveal the type of animal that came past earlier. Particles leave tell-tale signs in detectors in a similar manner for physicists to decipher.

Modern particle physics apparatus consists of layers of sub-detectors, each specialising in a particular type of particle or property. There are 3 main types of sub-detector:

1.Tracking device – detects and reveals the path of a particle
2.Calorimeter – stops, absorbs and measures the energy of a particle
3.Particle identification detector – identifies the type of particle using various techniques.

To help identify the particles produced in the collisions, the detector usually includes a magnetic field. A particle normally travels in a straight line, but in the presence of a magnetic field, its path is bent into a curve. From the curvature of the path, physicists can calculate the momentum of the particle which helps in identifying its type. Particles with very high momentum travel in almost straight lines, whereas those with low momentum move forward in tight spirals.

Tracking devices reveal the paths of electrically charged particles through the trails they leave behind. There are similar every-day effects: high-flying airplanes seem invisible, but in certain conditions you can see the trails they make. In a similar way, when particles pass through suitable substances the interaction of the passing particle with the atoms of the substance itself can be revealed.

Most modern tracking devices do not make the tracks of particles directly visible. Instead, they produce tiny electrical signals that can be recorded as computer data. A computer program then reconstructs the patterns of tracks recorded by the detector, and displays them on a screen.

They can record the curvature of a particle's track (made in the presence of a magnetic field), from which the momentum of a particle may be calculated. This is useful for identifying the particle.

Muon chambers are tracking devices used to detect muons. These particles interact very little with matter and can travel long distances through metres of dense material. Like a ghost walking through a wall, muons can pass through successive layers of a detector. The muon chambers usually make up the outermost layer.

A calorimeter measures the energy lost by a particle that goes through it. It is usually designed to entirely stop or ‘absorb’ most of the particles coming from a collision, forcing them to deposit all of their energy within the detector.

Calorimeters typically consist of layers of ‘passive’ or ‘absorbing’ high–density material (lead for instance) interleaved with layers of ‘active’ medium such as solid lead-glass or liquid argon.

Electromagnetic calorimeters measure the energy of light particles – electrons and photons – as they interact with the electrically charged particles inside matter.

Hadronic calorimeters sample the energy of hadrons (particles containing quarks, such as protons and neutrons) as they interact with atomic nuclei.

Calorimeters can stop most known particles except muons and neutrinos.

Two methods of particle identification work by detecting radiation emitted by charged particles:

• Cherenkov radiation: this is light emitted when a charged particle travels faster than the speed of light through a given medium. The light is given off at a specific angle according to the velocity of the particle. Combined with a measurement of the momentum of the particle the velocity can be used to determine the mass and hence to identify the particle.
• Transition radiation: this radiation is produced by a fast charged particle as it crosses the boundary between two electrical insulators with different resistances to electric currents. The phenomenon is related to the energy of a particle and distinguishes different particle types.

A cathode ray tube (CRT) television set has the basic features of  accelerators. A filament inside the glass vacuum tube of the television set acts as a source of particles. When the filament is heated, electrons are set free by the increase in energy. The electrons are accelerated and guided through the vacuum of the CRT by an electromagnetic field, generated by a coil of wires. The television screen acts as a particle detector. As the high-energy electrons hit the back of the screen, they are detected and made visible in the colour pixels that make up the image.The six experiments at the LHC are all run by international collaborations, bringing together scientists from institutes all over the world. Each experiment is distinct, characterised by its unique particle detector.

The two large experiments, ATLAS and CMS, are based on general-purpose detectors to analyse the myriad of particles produced by the collisions in the accelerator. They are designed to investigate the largest range of physics possible. Having two independently designed detectors is vital for cross-confirmation of any new discoveries made.

Two medium-size experiments, ALICE and LHCb, have specialised detectors for analysing the LHC collisions in relation to specific phenomena.

Two experiments, TOTEM and LHCf, are much smaller in size. They are designed to focus on ‘forward particles’ (protons or heavy ions). These are particles that just brush past each other as the beams collide, rather than meeting head-on

The ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb detectors are installed in four huge underground caverns located around the ring of the LHC. The detectors used by the TOTEM experiment are positioned near the CMS detector, whereas those used by LHCf are near the ATLAS detector.ATLAS is one of two general-purpose detectors at the LHC. It will investigate a wide range of physics, including the search for the Higgs boson, extra dimensions, and particles that could make up dark matter.

Alice:-For the ALICE experiment, the LHC will collide lead ions to recreate the conditions just after the Big Bang under laboratory conditions. The data obtained will allow physicists to study a state of matter known as quark‑gluon plasma, which is believed to have existed soon after the Big Bang.

All ordinary matter in today’s Universe is made up of atoms. Each atom contains a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons. Protons and neutrons are in turn made of quarks which are bound together by other particles called gluons. This incredibly strong bond means that isolated quarks have never been found.

LHCB:-The LHCb experiment will help us to understand why we live in a Universe that appears to be composed almost entirely of matter, but no antimatter.

It specialises in investigating the slight differences between matter and antimatter by studying a type of particle called the 'beauty quark', or 'b quark'.

Instead of surrounding the entire collision point with an enclosed detector, the LHCb experiment uses a series of sub-detectors to detect mainly forward particles. The first sub-detector is mounted close to the collision point, while the next ones stand one behind the other, over a length of 20 m.

An abundance of different types of quark will be created by the LHC before they decay quickly into other forms. To catch the b-quarks, LHCb has developed sophisticated movable tracking detectors close to the path of the beams circling in the LHC.

The LHCb collaboration has 650 scientists from 48 institutes in 13 countries (April 2006).

Collisions in the LHC will generate temperatures more than 100 000 times hotter than the heart of the Sun. Physicists hope that under these conditions, the protons and neutrons will 'melt', freeing the quarks from their bonds with the gluons. This should create a state of matter called quark-gluon plasma, which probably existed just after the Big Bang when the Universe was still extremely hot. The ALICE collaboration plans to study the quark-gluon plasma as it expands and cools, observing how it progressively gives rise to the particles that constitute the matter of our Universe today.

A collaboration of more than 1000 scientists from 94 institutes in 28 countries works on the ALICE experiment (March 2006).

With the same goals in physics as CMS, ATLAS will record similar sets of measurements on the particles created in the collisions – their paths, energies, and their identities. However, the two experiments have adopted radically different technical solutions and designs for their detectors' magnet systems. CMS:-Compact Muon Solenoid
The CMS experiment uses a general-purpose detector to investigate a wide range of physics, including the search for the Higgs boson, extra dimensions, and particles that could make up dark matter. Although it has the same scientific goals as the ATLAS experiment, it uses different technical solutions and design of its detector magnet system to achieve these.

The CMS detector is built around a huge solenoid magnet. This takes the form of a cylindrical coil of superconducting cable that generates a magnetic field of 4 teslas, about 100 000 times that of the Earth. The magnetic field is confined by a steel 'yoke' that forms the bulk of the detector's weight of 12 500 tonnes. An unusual feature of the CMS detector is that instead of being built in-situ underground, like the other giant detectors of the LHC experiments, it was constructed on the surface, before being lowered underground in 15 sections and reassembled.

CMS detector

• Size: 21 m long, 15 m wide and 15 m high.
• Weight: 12 500 tonnes
• Design: barrel plus end caps
• Location: Cessy, France. See CMS in Google Earth.

The main feature of the ATLAS detector is its enormous doughnut-shaped magnet system. This consists of eight 25‑m long superconducting magnet coils, arranged to form a cylinder around the beam pipe through the centre of the detector. During operation, the magnetic field is contained within the central cylindrical space defined by the coils.

A major breakthrough in particle physics came in the 1970s when physicists realized that there are very close ties between two of the four fundamental forces – namely, the weak force and the electromagnetic force. The two forces can be described within the same theory, which forms the basis of the Standard Model. This ‘unification’ implies that electricity, magnetism, light and some types of radioactivity are all manifestations of a single underlying force called, unsurprisingly, the electroweak force. But in order for this unification to work mathematically, it requires that the force-carrying particles have no mass. We know from experiments that this is not true, so physicists Peter Higgs, Robert Brout and François Englert came up with a solution to solve this conundrum.

They suggested that all particles had no mass just after the Big Bang. As the Universe cooled and the temperature fell below a critical value, an invisible force field called the ‘Higgs field’ was formed together with the associated ‘Higgs boson’. The field prevails throughout the cosmos: any particles that interact with it are given a mass via the Higgs boson. The more they interact, the heavier they become, whereas particles that never interact are left with no mass at all.

This idea provided a satisfactory solution and fitted well with established theories and phenomena. The problem is that no one has ever observed the Higgs boson in an experiment to confirm the theory. Finding this particle would give an insight into why particles have certain mass, and help to develop subsequent physics. The technical problem is that we do not know the mass of the Higgs boson itself, which makes it more difficult to identify. Physicists have to look for it by systematically searching a range of mass within which it is predicted to exist. The yet unexplored range is accessible using the Large Hadron Collider, which will determine the existence of the Higgs boson. If it turns out that we cannot find it, this will leave the field wide open for physicists to develop a completely new theory to explain the origin of particle mass.

In everyday life, we inhabit a space of three dimensions – a vast ‘cupboard’ with height, width and depth, well known for centuries. Less obviously, we can consider time as an additional, fourth dimension, as Einstein famously revealed. But just as we are becoming more used to the idea of four dimensions, some theorists have made predictions wilder than even Einstein had imagined.

String theory intriguingly suggests that six more dimensions exist, but are somehow hidden from our senses. They could be all around us, but curled up to be so tiny that we have never realized their existence.

Some string theorists have taken this idea further to explain a mystery of gravity that has perplexed physicists for some time – why is gravity so much weaker than the other fundamental forces? Does its carrier, the graviton, exist and where? The idea is that we do not feel gravity’s full effect in the everyday world. Gravity may appear weak only because its force is being shared with other spatial dimensions.

To find out whether these ideas are just products of wild imaginations or an incredible leap in understanding will require experimental evidence. But how?

High-energy experiments could prise open the inconspicuous dimensions just enough to allow particles to move between the normal 3D world and other dimensions. This could be manifest in the sudden disappearance of a particle into a hidden dimension, or the unexpected appearance of a particle in an experiment. Who knows where such a discovery could lead!

It’s perhaps natural that we don’t know much about how the Universe was created – after all, we were never there ourselves. But it’s surprising to realise that when it comes to the Universe today, we don’t necessarily have a much better knowledge of what is out there. In fact, astronomers and physicists have found that all we see in the Universe – planets, stars, galaxies – accounts for only a tiny 4% of it! In a way, it is not so much the visible things that define the Universe, but rather the void around them.

Cosmological and astrophysical observations indicate that most of the Universe is made up of invisible substances that do not emit electromagnetic radiation – that is, we cannot detect them directly through telescopes or similar instruments. We detect them only through their gravitational effects, which makes them very difficult to study. These mysterious substances are known as ‘dark matter’ and ‘dark energy’. What they are and what role they played in the evolution of the Universe are a mystery, but within this darkness lie intriguing possibilities of hitherto undiscovered physics beyond the established Standard Model.

Dark matter makes up about 26% of the Universe. The first hint of its existence came in 1933, when astronomical observations and calculations of gravitational effects revealed that there must be more 'stuff' present in the Universe than telescopes could see.

Researchers now believe that the gravitational effect of dark matter makes galaxies spin faster than expected, and that its gravitational field deviates the light of objects behind it. Measurements of these effects show that dark matter exists, and they can be used to estimate the density of dark matter even though we cannot directly observe it.

But what is dark matter? One idea is that it could contain ‘supersymmetric particles’ - hypothesized particles that are partners to those already known in the Standard Model. Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider may be able to find them.

Dark energy makes up approximately 70% of the Universe and appears to be associated with the vacuum in space. It is homogenously distributed throughout the Universe, not only in space but also in time - in other words, its effect is not diluted as the Universe expands.

The ‘case file’ of antimatter was opened in 1928 by physicist Paul Dirac. He developed a theory that combined quantum mechanics and Einstein’s special relativity to provide a more full description of electron interactions. The basic equation he derived turned out to have two solutions, one for the electron and one that seemed to describe something with positive charge (in fact, it was the positron). Then in 1932 the evidence was found to prove these ideas correct, when the positron was discovered occurring naturally in cosmic rays.

So if matter and antimatter annihilate, and we and everything else are made of matter, why do we still exist? This mystery arises because we find ourselves living in a Universe made exclusively of matter. Didn't matter and antimatter completely annihilate at the time of the Big Bang? Perhaps this antimatter still exists somewhere else? Otherwise where did it go and what happened to it in the first place?

Such questions have led to speculative theories, from a break in the rules to the existence of an entire anti-Universe somewhere else! The way to solve the baffling disappearance of antimatter, and to learn more about this substance in general, is by studying both particles and antiparticles to find and decipher the subtle clues. The mystery demands teams of ‘scientific Sherlock Holmeses’ to conduct thorough detective work, to uncover a logic that is ultimately “elementary”.

For the past 50 years and more, laboratories  have routinely produced antiparticles, and in 1995 CERN became the first laboratory to create anti-atoms artificially. But no one has ever produced antimatter without obtaining the corresponding matter particles also. The scenario must have been the same during the birth of the Universe, when equal amounts of matter and antimatter must have been produced in the Big Bang.

The even distribution means that dark energy does not have any local gravitational effects, but rather a global effect on the Universe as a whole. This leads to a repulsive force, which tends to accelerate the expansion of the Universe. The rate of expansion and its acceleration can be measured by observations based on the Hubble law. These measurements, together with other scientific data, have confirmed the existence of dark energy and provide an estimate of just how much of this mysterious substance exists. 

More than 1700 scientists from 159 institutes in 37 countries work on the ATLAS experiment (March 2006).

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can achieve an energy that no other particle accelerators have reached before, but Nature routinely produces higher energies in cosmic-ray collisions. Concerns about the safety of whatever may be created in such high-energy particle collisions have been addressed for many years. In the light of new experimental data and theoretical understanding, the LHC Safety Assessment Group (LSAG) has updated a review of the analysis made in 2003 by the LHC Safety Study Group, a group of independent scientists.

LSAG reaffirms and extends the conclusions of the 2003 report that LHC collisions present no danger and that there are no reasons for concern. Whatever the LHC will do, Nature has already done many times over during the lifetime of the Earth and other astronomical bodies. The LSAG report has been reviewed and endorsed by CERN’s Scientific Policy Committee, a group of external scientists that advises CERN’s governing body, its Council.

The precise circumference of the LHC accelerator is 26 659 m, with a total of 9300 magnets inside. Not only is the LHC the world’s largest particle accelerator, just one-eighth of its cryogenic distribution system would qualify as the world’s largest fridge. All the magnets will be pre‑cooled to -193.2°C (80 K) using 10 080 tonnes of liquid nitrogen, before they are filled with nearly 60 tonnes of liquid helium to bring them down to -271.3°C (1.9 K).

At full power, trillions of protons will race around the LHC accelerator ring 11 245 times a second, travelling at 99.99% the speed of light. Two beams of protons will each travel at a maximum energy of 7 TeV (tera-electronvolt), corresponding to head-to-head collisions of 14 TeV. Altogether some 600 million collisions will take place every second.

To avoid colliding with gas molecules inside the accelerator, the beams of particles travel in an ultra-high vacuum – a cavity as empty as interplanetary space. The internal pressure of the LHC is 10^-13 atm, ten times less than the pressure on the Moon!

The LHC is a machine of extreme hot and cold. When two beams of protons collide, they will generate temperatures more than 100 000 times hotter than the heart of the Sun, concentrated within a minuscule space. By contrast, the 'cryogenic distribution system', which circulates superfluid helium around the accelerator ring, keeps the LHC at a super cool temperature of -271.3°C (1.9 K) – even colder than outer space!To sample and record the results of up to 600 million proton collisions per second, physicists and engineers have built gargantuan devices that measure particles with micron precision. The LHC's detectors have sophisticated electronic trigger systems that precisely measure the passage time of a particle to accuracies in the region of a few billionths of a second. The trigger system also registers the location of the particles to millionths of a metre. This incredibly quick and precise response is essential for ensuring that the particle recorded in successive layers of a detector is one and the same.

The data recorded by each of the big experiments at the LHC will fill around 100 000 dual layer DVDs every year. To allow the thousands of scientists scattered around the globe to collaborate on the analysis over the next 15 years (the estimated lifetime of the LHC), tens of thousands of computers located around the world are being harnessed in a distributed computing network called the Grid.

When the LHC begins operations, it will produce roughly 15 petabytes (15 million gigabytes) of data annually – enough to fill 100 000 DVDs a year!

Thousands of scientists around the world will want to access and analyse this data, so CERN is building a distributed computing and data storage infrastructure: the LHC Computing Grid (LCG). The data from the LHC experiments will be distributed around the globe, with a primary backup recorded on tape at CERN. After initial processing, this data will be distributed to a series of large computer centres with sufficient storage capacity for a large fraction of the data, and with round-the-clock support for the Grid.

These centres will make the data available to other facilities, each consisting of one or several collaborating computing centres for specific analysis tasks. Individual scientists will access these facilities through resources such as local clusters in a university department or even individual PCs, and which may be allocated to the LCG on a regular basis.

The Experiment takes place on 10 september 2008 almost 3 days from now.The world’s largest physics experiment, the Large Hadron Collider, is expected to be launched as planned in Geneva, despite new concerns being raised over its safety, according to the European Organisation for Nuclear Research. It follows news that a lawsuit has been filed in the European Court of Human Rights. The scientists behind the latest allegations say they remain concerned over claims the experiment could create black holes which might swallow up the earth. They say there are not enough guarantees that the experiments planned  will be safe. however, says there is nothing new in the scientists’ claims and the organisation is still planning to launch the experiment on 10th September.The European Court of Human Rights has rejected a complaint against the planned launch of the world's most powerful particle accelerator near the Swiss-French border.

Opponents, including the German biochemist Otto Rössler, tried to block the experiment due to begin on September 10, saying it would result in black holes that could suck up the Earth.

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Cern) welcomed the court ruling on Friday. It dismisses accusations that the experiment is irresponsible and risky.

The court is still to decide on allegations that the experiment with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) violates the right to life.

The machine, housed in a circular tunnel near Geneva, will try to recreate conditions just after the so-called Big Bang - the presumed birth of the universe.

by

Gyandotcom

Ok, The First thing, there is a new fresh header on my blog. I was feeling a little oldy, when I visited my blog today. So, then I decided to make a fresh header, that looks fresh every time I visit my blog. ;). A Lot of Fresh Words, Loll. :D

Second thing, I chaged my mind about A.E.A., I decided to change A.E.A, to A.E. because, I think editor and author are the same thing. So, I changed it. Well. The winners.

I am deciding to post the winners today, but there is somthing I want to tell you before I post the winners. I have asked the editor, if he/she wants to be the editor, of my site. I am still waiting for their reply, so till I won't get their reply back I won't post their name. But I will post the new admin's name.

FLATOE!

His blog is wonderful, and filled with fun things. So, I decided to make him my site's admin. But he will not be added to my blog, till Monday. just because my things have to be done before I add 'em.

And Yeah, don't forget to rate my new FRESH header by /10.

Bye Bye :D

UPDATED:

THE PAGES HAVE BEEN ORGANIZED & UPDATED!

Stanley was educated at St Paul's School, London, and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he read music under Thurston Dart (BA, MusB 1953, MA 1957, PhD 1958). Stanley doctoral dissertation was on mid 18th century British chamber music. After Cambridge, he taught at Trinity College of Music, London (1957-1965).

Stanley then turned to music journalism, becoming music critic for The Times (1964-1981), and contributing reviews to the Financial Times after 1981, when he had to leave his position and The Times because of his commitments to the Grove and other scholarly work. Stanley was editor of The Musical Times 1967-1987.

From 1970 Stanley was editor of what was planned to be the 6th edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (1980). Stanley oversaw major changes to the Dictionary, which grew from 9 volumes to 20, and was published as the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, and is now referred to as the 1st edition under that name. Stanley was also an important force behind the 2nd (or 7th) edition (2001), which grew further to 29 volumes. Stanley also oversaw a major expansion of the Grove franchise, editing the 1 volume Grove Concise Dictionary of Music (1988), and several spinoff dictionaries, such as the New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (3 volumes, 1984), the New Grove Dictionary of American Music, (with H. Wiley Hitchcock, 4 volumes, 1986), and the New Grove Dictionary of Opera (4 volumes, 1992). Stanley also edited composer biographies based on the entries in Grove.

Outside his work on the Grove Dictionaries, Stanley was a renowned Mozart scholar, publishing several books. Stanley also was instrumental in saving the Mayfair house where George Frideric Handel once lived, turning it into the Handel House Museum.

Stanley was president of the Royal Musical Association (1989-94), and of the International Musicological Society (1992-97).

Stanley married twice. Stanley's 1st wife, Adele, by whom he had 2 sons and a daughter, died in 1978. By his 2nd wife, Julie Anne, also a musicologist, he had a son and daughter. Stanley was survived by all 5 of his children and Julie Anne.

Keep visiting: www.lifechums.com more celebrities featuring shortly ................

Bu arada ortalamalara göz kararı baktığımızda %97'nin üzeri başarılı diyebiliyoruz. Buradaki tabloya bakarak bütün karşılaştırmayı görebilirsiniz. Unutmayın, farkları aritmetik değil logaritmik olarak değerlendirmekte fayda var.

ALINTIDIR

Catatan Wartawan

"Aku suka 'reporter' yang 'independent'. Aku benci mereka yang sekejap-sekejap telefon ofis atau 'mediocre' bekerja dengan aku. Sama ada kau lulusan dari kolej mana, universiti mana, aku tak peduli. Yang penting mutu kerja kau. Itu yang aku nilai, sejauh mana kau laporkan berita itu secara 'in-depth'."

– Allahyarham Pak Samad, semasa diwawancara penulis pada Disember 2006

Oleh Chairul Fahmy Hussaini

GENERASI muda hari ini mungkin tidak begitu mengenalinya, apatah lagi mengerti betapa besarnya sumbangan yang dihulurkan Allahyarham Tan Sri Abdul Samad Ismail kepada pembangunan awal Singapura.

Jadi, saat mendapat berita pulangnya Pak Samad ke rahmatullah petang kelmarin, dengan sendirinya diri ini mengimbau kembali pertemuan sulung (yang juga terakhir) penulis dengan pejuang nasionalis dan tokoh kewartawanan Nusantara itu, yang berlangsung hampir dua tahun lalu, atau lebih tepat lagi pada 23 Disember 2006.

Pertemuan selama dua jam itu diatur sebagai usaha kami menjejak detik awal kelahiran Berita Harian lima dekad lalu.

Bersama-sama Penolong Editor, Encik Puad Ibrahim, dan jurugambar, Encik Taufik A. Kader, kami mewawancara beliau di rumah adiknya di Bedok Reservoir Road, sempena kunjungan beliau ke Singapura ketika itu.

Meskipun uzur, 'kelantangan' Pak Samad masih belum luntur.

Suasana pertemuan menjadi hangat dek 'aksi' dan suaranya.

Rokok, tidak sekali terlepas daripada bibirnya dan disela-sela kepulan asap, beliau mula bercerita:

"Pada waktu itu (lebih kurang 1957) Berita Harian dimulakan sebagai akhbar versi Melayu The Straits Times. Saya telah ditugaskan untuk menubuhkan sebuah akhbar Melayu dan diberi nama Berita Harian (BH).

"(Tetapi) untuk menjadikan ia sebuah akhbar yang menarik dan mempunyai identiti tersendiri (bukan sekadar menyiarkan berita versi Melayu The Straits Times) adalah dengan mengambil wartawan-wartawan sambilan dari setiap negeri di Tanah Melayu termasuk di Singapura.

"Ini menjadikan ia sebuah akhbar yang kaya dengan pelbagai berita menarik yang dapat dibaca di Tanah Melayu dan juga Singapura,' kata beliau, yang memulakan kerjaya wartawan di Utusan Melayu di bawah asuhan Bapa Wartawan Melayu, Encik Abdul Rahim Kajai, pada 1941 dalam usia 16 tahun."

Namun, apa yang diceritakan Pak Samad ketika itu hanyalah sekelumit kisah perjalanan hidup beliau sepanjang lebih 60 tahun bergelumang dalam dunia politik, kewartawanan dan bahasa.

Generasi hari ini mungkin tidak menyedari bahawa Pak Samad memainkan peranan penting dalam pembentukan landskap politik tanah air.

Selain menjadi antara pengasas Parti Tindakan Rakyat (PAP), beliau jugalah yang mengenalkan rakannya, mendiang C.V. Devan Nair, kepada parti itu.

Mendiang Nair (1923-2005) merupakan Presiden ketiga Singapura antara 1981 dengan 1985.

Selain itu, Pak Samad yang menurut buku Paths Not Taken: Political Pluralism in Postwar Singapore, juga diketahui bertanggungjawab menarik ramai pemimpin Melayu daripada kalangan wartawan, anggota mapan kesatuan sekerja ke dalam politik.

Ini seperti Allahyarham Yaacob Mohamed, Allahyarham Rahmat Kenap, Allahyarham Buang Omar Junid dan Encik Ariff Suradi, menyertai PAP.

Penampilan mereka sebagai pemimpin PAP di tengah-tengah pergolakan politik nasionalisme pada tahun-tahun 1950-an telah menyebabkan PAP diterima baik masyarakat Singapura sebagai sebuah parti berbilang kaum sehingga ke hari ini.

Pak Samad juga seorang sasterawan dan menerima Anugerah Ramon Magsaysay pada 1994.

Antara novel karyanya ialah Patah Sayap Terbang Jua, Kail Panjang Sejengkal dan Tembok Tidak Tinggi.

Selain berkarya, beliau juga berperanan dalam pembentukan Angkatan Sasterawan '50 (Asas 50) dan membantu dalam pembentukan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, sebuah institusi bahasa dan sastera.

Menghargai sumbangan Pak Samad, pendeta Dr Muhd Ariff Ahmad berkata:

"Saya begitu menghargai sumbangannya kepada Kesatuan Guru-Guru Melayu Singapura dan Asas '50 dalam usahanya mendidik masyarakat dan memperkasakan bahasa Melayu."

Pemergian Pak Samad sememangnya satu kehilangan besar, namun Tuhan lebih menyayanginya.

Di Ramadan ini, semoga roh beliau dicucuri rahmat-Nya.

Al-Fatihah.

Berita Harian | Dalam Negeri
Sabtu, 6 September 2008
6 Ramadan 1429H

Cause it means they're lying to themselves, to their friends, to their families, and to their (if there are any)  investors.

There's something to be said for knowing how to do a variety of things on a set, in post, etc.  I'll admit, I pride myself on knowing quite a few different jobs from preproduction to post-postproduction, however I also am a firm believer that a jack of all trades is a master of none.

So how do independent filmmakers know when to say when?

Here's a good way to divide up the job duties:

A director/producer can be one of the following, but only one: Cinematographer OR Editor.

Why is that? Because a director needs to have another voice of reason, a second opinion.  Film is a director's medium, but it behooves a director to have someone to turn to during the long days of production and the long nights of post.  By taking it all on your self you're attempting to be Atlas holding up the world.

And you're not.

Sure you might finish production, you might finish the editing, perhaps even the film.  But it won't be a great film.

There are exceptions - Shane Carruth, Robert Rodriguez, Joe Carnahan to name a few, but that's a very small minority.

But how does a filmmaker who feels this one script is their only shot to succeed do that?

By realizing that it's not.  If you had a great idea, you'll have another.  If you truly, deep in your heart, feel that this is the only good idea you'll ever have, then please check yourself into a mental institution cause it's all gonna be downhill from here.

I'm not saying you need a director's assistant (not be confused with an assistant director, a necessity) or run 3 and 3 at minimum on your G&E crew, but you do need to pass the baton on certain things.

How does a director know what to hand off?  Let's assume a few things right off the bat:

1. This is a no-budget shoot.
2. What investors there are happen to be the directors friends and/or family.
3. You don't have money to pay actors or crew much, if anything.

Okay, now here we go...

1st the simple stuff - A director/producer should never be asked what to buy the crew for lunch on the day.  It needs to be handled before hand (and can be handled by the director as such) but on the day the very last thing on the directors mind should be what to have to eat, especially on a low budget shoot.

A good rule of thumb is to establish a "go to person" (preferably the producer) and also establish the "penny jar" amount.  The "penny jar" amount is the amount the go to person can spend on a given day without have to ask the director.  It could be $50, it could be $1000, but figure it out beforehand and let him/her do their job.

On small shoot you have to be able to trust people, someone that no matter what the situation is, will tell the truth.  Not everyone gets along 100% of the time and you, the director, need to be comfortable with that.

On my first feature my producer was my wife's cousin.  We actually sat down before we started shooting and told one another that basically we were gonna push each other hard every day, but at the end of the day we were family.  And to this day we are still very close.

On my second feature my producer was a best friend and neighbor.  We also worked together very well because we understood where the other was coming from.  We would joke that I was the sheep and he was the wolf because I would push to accomplish everything on our ambitious schedule, but when my words fell on deaf ears (which wasn't too often) I knew I only had to look over at him and he was on top of it.

It was a great experience on both occasions.

This conversation will be continued, but let me wrap it up with some bullet points:

• A director should only be one other job (cinematographer OR editor, not both in addition to directing)
• Don't lie to yourself about your film, be honest from the get go.  I don't mean be negative or a Debbie Downer, but be honest with yourself
• Keep the small stuff off of your plate.  This is why preproduction is so important
• Have a go to person with access to the penny jar

I'll get more in depth on some other items (marketing, etc.) but for now I think I've offended enough people.

So do you agree?  Disagree?  Let's start a conversation.  If you're a filmmaker and have a war story send it on over, I'll post it up here and get you some free publicity (within reason, lol).

Til next time.

Jake

Read it here on TCPalm.com: "St. Lucie churches to build Habitat for Humanity home."

Another story that I covered late Thursday will run in the local section on Saturday.

Read it here on TCPalm.com: "Teacher hopes kids' interest in agriculture will sprout from this class."

Last - and most definitely not least - is what I'd like to call a "scoop" that I've been working on the past couple days. The best part is that it's running A1 - the front of the entire newspaper.

Read it here on TCPalm.com: "Savannas may close St. Lucie County camping area in summer to save money."

Enjoy your weekends and avoid the hurricanes - including those that hail from the University of Miami. Go Gators!

1. Street Fighters

2. Winning Eleven

3. Football Manager

4. Tetris

5. Need For Speed

6. NBA Live

7. Street Hoop / Slam Dunk

8. Super Sidekicks

9. The King of Fighters

10. Colin McRae Rally

11. Mortal Kombat

12. Knockout Kings / Fight Night

13. Carom 3D

14. Formula 1 (Sony)

15. Bubble Bobble

16. Shinobi

17. Hoyle Casino

18. Süper Mario

19. The Rise of Atlantis

20. Gallop Racer

BAHADIR AKDENİZ

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Önce hafiften bir mix giriyor;

Yavaş yavaş sallanıyor

Kalçalar barlarda

Buraşlarda tam buraşlarda

Dj lerin hiç durmayan başları

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Turistler geçiyor, derken;

Buraşlardan, sürü sürü, çıplak çıplak

Tangalar çekiliyor kalçalardan;

Bir turistin suya değiyor ayakları;

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Serin serin Camelot;

Cıvıl cıvıl Night-Park;

Gacolarla dolu pistler, avlular.

Müzik sesleri geliyor barlardan, discolardan;

Güzelim bahar rüzgarında ter kokuları;

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Başında eski alemlerin sarhoşluğu

Moldovyalı hatunları ile dolu bir night-club

Dinmiş İmparator’un ezikliği içerisine

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Bir “napan be olum” geçiyor kaldırımdan

Küfürcükler, şarkıcıklar, türkücükler

Derken bir şey düşüyor elinden yere;

Bir “bet” kuponu olmalı

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Girne’yi dinliyorum, gözlerim kapalı;

Bir hatun çırpınıyor pistlerde

Kafası iyi mi, değil mi bilmiyorum;

Eğlenir mi, ıspor mu yapar bilmiyorum;

Müziğin ritminden anlıyorum

Girne’yi dinliyorum.

:)))

Bahadır Akdeniz

Two photos were submitted to a stock site that uses photo editors to glean the "best" photos from submissions. One was of a child throwing a tantrum, screaming, mouth wide open in an agony of frustration. The other also had a child with his mouth wide open, but this time in laughter.

In a not entirely surprising development, the crying child not only made the cut, but got the distinction of "editor's pick." The other was rejected.

Now I have no doubt that photo editors know their business, but I have long suspected that they are also sick, slightly demented people. This is borne out by the seven-year working relationship I had with one photo editor, a very nice guy in real life ... but you wouldn't know it from the pictures he usually selected. If you were to go solely on the basis of his preferences in art, you would say he was a severely disturbed mind with a penchant for sadism. But no, he was just a photo editor.

And disregard my first sentence. It is not possible to offend a photo editor.

Anyway, here are the photos.

ALIŞ-VERİŞ

www.amazon.com
www.estore.com.tr
www.gittigidiyor.com
www.hepsiburada.com
www.garantialisveris.com
www.kangurum.com.tr
www.sahibinden.com
www.alisveris.com
www.siparis.com.tr

ARABA

www.otogazete.com
www.araba.com
www.otobulten.com
www.arabam.net
www.otomax.com
www.autoshow.com.tr

ARAMA MOTORLARI

www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
www.altavista.com
www.ask.com

ARKADAŞLIK

www.facebook.com
www.yonja.com
www.netlog.com
www.siberalem.com
www.xuqa.com
www.arkadaslik.com
www.arkadas.com
www.kalbimde.com

ASTROLOJİ

www.isarastrologytr.com
www.astrolojist.com
www.muneccim.com
www.astrozoom.com
www.astroloji.org
www.burclar.gen.tr

BİLGİSAYAR

www.shiftdelete.net
www.pcnet.com.tr
www.chip.com.tr
www.pcworld.com.tr
www.bilgisayardershanesi.com

BİYOĞRAFİ

www.imdb.com
www.askmen.com
www.biyografi.net
www.kimkimdir.gen.tr
www.biyografi.info

BLOG

www.wordpress.com
www.blogger.com
www.blog.co.uk
www.yetkinblog.com

CEP TELEFONU

www.mobilejust.com
www.ceptown.com
www.mobililetisim.com
www.cep.gen.tr

ÇEŞİTLİ

www.canlitv.com
www.wallpapers.com
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www.turkceyama.com
www.subkejtif.com
www.kariyer.net
www.yemektarifi.com
www.akampus.com
www.radyolar.org
www.diziarsivi.com

DERS-ÖDEV-TEZ

www.dersindir.com
www.gencbilim.com
www.ingilizce.tk
www.dersizle.com
www.ödevindir.net

E-KİTAP

www.ekitap.org
www.ekitapcim.net
www.ekitapindir.com
www.ekitapdunyasi.net

E-MAIL

www.email.com
www.gmail.com
www.hotmail.com
www.yahoomail.com

HABER

www.hurriyet.com.tr
www.milliyet.com.tr
www.haber7.com
www.ntvmsnbc.com
www.haberturk.com
www.internethaber.com
www.haber3.com

İSLAM

www.harunyahya.org
www.islammerkezi.gen.tr
www.islamiyet.gen.tr
www.dinimizislam.com
www.huzurpinari.com

KİTAP

www.kitapyurdu.com
www.pandora.com.tr
www.ideefixe.com

MÜZİK

www.music.com
www.imeem.com
www.ijigg.com
www.mog.com
www.ttnetmuzik.com
www.muzikkutusu.com
www.free.napster.com
www.klarnet.net

ONLINE OYUN

www.gameis.com
www.miniclip.com
www.gamyun.com.tr
www.eoyunlar.com
www.metin2.org
www.icanfootball.com
www.hattrick.org

OYUN

www.oyunkilavuzu.com
www.gamespot.com
www.gametrailers.com
www.gamezone.com
www.xoyun.com
www.oyungezer.com.tr
www.level.com.tr
www.gametogame.net
www.merlininkazani.com
www.trgamer.com

PC DONANIM

www.vatanbilgisayar.com
www.gold.com.tr
www.hs.com.tr

PORTAL

www.mynet.com
www.superonline.com
www.ekolay.net
www.netbul.com
www.maksimum.com

PROGRAM

www.download.com
www.inndir.com
www.roketdownload.com
www.downloadtr.com
www.tamindir.com

SAĞLIK

www.saglik.gov.tr
www.saglikbilgisi.com
www.onlinesaglik.com
www.yasamsaglik.net
www.medikalsozluk.com

SİNEMA

www.imdb.com
www.beyazperde.mynet.com
www.sinemafanatik.com
www.sinema.com
www.sinematurk.com
www.sinemalar.com

SOHBET

www.sohbetci.com
www.trsohbet.com
www.superalem.com
www.sohbet.gen.tr
www.clubgenclik.com

SPOR

www.sporx.com
www.ajansspor.com
www.internetspor.com
www.ntvspor.net
www.ligtv.com.tr
www.turkbasket.com
www.spor3.com
www.goal.com
www.futbolmerkezi.com
www.transfermarkt.de
www.tff.org.tr
www.tbl.org.tr
www.nba.com

UPLOAD

www.upload.com
www.rapidshare.com
www.imageshack.us
www.photobucket.com
www.imagevenue.com
www.myspace.com
www.webshot.com
www.yousendit.com
www.mediafire.com
www.upload.gen.tr

VİDEO

www.youtube.com
www.izlesene.com
www.videonuz.com
www.vidivodo.com
www.videoizle.com
www.akilli.tv
www.uzmantv.com
www.ttnetvideo.com

Compliments let me know I'm doing my job.

A career in journalism, especially in the beginning stages, isn't based on hard numbers - it's not black and white. It's creative, interpretive and subjective. It receives judgment and criticism.

That's what runs through my head every time I e-mail a completed assignment to my editor at The Fort Pierce Tribune, and I always slightly panic. Clearly I need compliments.

Usually an e-mail back from her saying she likes my story or it's good suffices. But nothing beats praise from her through other reporters.

I received a message the other day from a former Scripps reporter telling me that I made a good impression as a reporter there, and he thinks they'd hire me as soon as the economic situation improves. Today a long-time Tribune photojournalist told me that he heard about me from my editor - in a good way.

But it's also great to get compliments from those I actually interview. The main source for an assignment I covered today e-mailed me to tell me again how much she appreciated me taking time late the night before to interview her. I got the main information for the story before the program today so that I wouldn't take away from her time teaching the kids.

All that matters is that I'm doing something right.

Vejeteryanlık ya da "duygusal sebeplerden dolayı et yememezlik" aslında insanoğlunun din ve doğa arasındaki sorunsalından çıkmıştır. İlkel toplumlarda belli bir hayvanı topluluğun koruyucusu olarak seçen kabileler sadece özel ayin gecelerinde bu hayvanı yemeye yönelmişlerdir. Bu hayvanı yediklerinde onun gibi güçlü olacaklarını düşünmüşlerdir. Bu bir anlamda insanoğlunun belli bir hayvanı yememek konusunda göstermiş olduğu "etik yaklaşımının" ilkel bir örneğidir.

"Ölüm" olgusunu sorgulayan insanoğlunun dinsel anlayışı içinde de "hayvan öldürmeye" karşı bir tavır hep olagelmiştir. Eski çağlarda "et yememek" dini yöneten din adamlarının uyguladığı bir arınma perhizi olarak belirmeye başlamıştır.

İlk çağlardaki felsefe okullarının bir kısmı da "et yememeyi" benzer bir şekilde ahlaki bir düstur olarak kabul etmişlerdir. Hindistan ve Doğu Akdeniz'de MÖ 1. yüzyılda kimi felsefe okulları "et yememezliği" kendileri için ayırt edici bir özellik olarak kabul etmişlerdir. Akdeniz bölgesinde ise Samoslu Pythagoras ile et yemememeye yönelik sempati çoğalmaya başlamıştır.

Aynı şekilde Platon ve ardından gelen Yeni Platoncular da et yememeyi ahlaki bir yaklaşım olarak kabul etmişlerdir.

Bir çok din anlayışının içerdiği "kurban törenleri" de et yememe konusundaki yaklaşımların çoğalmasında etken olmuştur. Kurban törenlerine karşı çıkan insanlar arasında et yememezlik kabul görmeye başlamıştır. Bu etkiyle Budizm içerisinde, kimi Musevi ve Hıristiyan mezheplerinde et yememe dinsel bir tavır olarak benimsenmiştir. 16. yüzyılda yaşayan Hint-Türk Hükümdarı Ekber de et yememeyi tercih eden müslümanlar arasında yerini almıştır. Keza tasavvuf düşünü içinde de et yememe belli bir kabul görmüştür.

Kitab-ı Mukaddes'te de Cennet'te insanların et yemediğinden bahsedilmektedir. 17. yüzyıldan başlayarak birçok filozofun et yememe konusunda destekleyici bir tavır içinde olduğu görülmektedir. Voltaire ve Shelley bu filozofların başında gelmektedir.

19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ise ilk kez Anglo-Sakson ülkelerde et yemeyenler kendileri ile aynı görüşte olanlarla kulüpleri kurmaya yönelmişlerdir.

20. yüzyılda ise Bernard Shaw, Leo Tolstoy gibi entellektüeller et yemez tavırları ile bu yaklaşımın etik yönünün kitlelere ulaştırmışlardır.

60'lı yıllarda yaşamın her alanında başlayan özgürlük hareketleri sonucunda Doğu Felsefelerini önemseyen Hippi Akımı ile et yememe kültürü çok hızla büyümüştür.

Modern çağın özellikle beslenme üzerinde yaratmış olduğu problemler bilim tarafından tespit edildikçe "et yememe"ye yönelmede artış olmuş, özellikle "kanser" ve "diyet" insanoğlunun "et yememe"ye olan ilgisini çoğaltmıştır.

-----

Vejeteryan beslenme etik bir yaklaşımdır. Sebebi (hayvan hakları, dinsel, kurban edilmeye karşı çıkış) ne olursa olsun vejeteryanlık duygusal bir tavırdır.  Bununla birlikte vejeteryan yaklaşım içinde de ton farkları bulunmaktadır. Ortak özellik hayvansal gıdalara karşı belli bir tavır olarak görülebilir. Farklı vejeteryan yaklaşımların ortak özelliği "kırmızı et yememeleri" ve "sebze/meyve yemeyi" tercih etmeleridir.

Başlıca Vejeteryan Yaklaşımlar :

• Balık Yiyebilen Vejeteryanlar (Pesketeryan) : Kırmızı ve tavuk eti yenmez, ama süt, süt ürünleri, yumurta ve balık yenebilir.

• Kırımızı Et Yemeyen Vejeteryanlar (Semi-Vejeteryanl) : Sadece hayvansal gıda olarak kırımızı et yenmez. Ama süt, süt ürünleri, yumurta, tavuk ve balık yenebilir.

• Yumurta ve Süt Tüketen Vejeteryanlar (Lakto-Ovo Vejeteryan) : Hayvan eti yenmez, ama süt, süt ürünleri ve yumurta yenebilir.

• Yumurta Yemeyen Ama Süt Tüketen Vejeteryanlar (Lakto Vejeteryanler) : Hayvan eti ve olası bir yaşamı sona erdirme kaygısıyla yumurta da yenmez. Süt ve süt ürünleri
  yenebilir.

• Süt Tüketmeyen Ama Yumurta Yiyen Vejeteryanlar (Ovo Vejeteryanler) : Hayvan eti, süt ve süt ürünleri yenmez. Ama yumurta yenebilir.

• Sadece Sebze ve Meyve Yiyen Vejeteryanlar (Vegan) : Hayvan eti ve hayvan ürünleri (yumurta, süt ve süt ürünleri) yenmez. Hayvan ürünlerinden giysiler ya da eşyalar kullanılmaz.

ALINTIDIR

Allah memerintahkan kita melaksanakan amanah baik dalam arti sempit maupun luas. Sebagai orang muslim yang beriman kita memiliki amanah, di antaranya berhidmat terhadap sesama makhluk ciptaan-Nya. “Manusia yang paling baik adalah yang paling memberikan manfaat bagi yang lainnya”, begitulah sabda Rasulullah. Oleh karena itu siapa pun kita, di manapun kita, dalam kondisi apapun kita tetap harus memberi manfaat kepada orang lain. Apatah lagi jika kita memiliki kedudukan atau jabatan yang mempengaruhi hajat hidup orang lain, maka amanah dalam diri kita semakin banyak. Selain itu, sikap, dan perilaku kita akan memiliki dampak terhadap orang lain, dan seharusnya lebih banyak memberi manfaat kepada mereka. Sebagaimana sabda Rasulullah di atas, amanah dapat mendatangkan kekayaan bagi seseorang, maka kita akan menjadi orang kaya bila mampu melaksanakan amanah yang kita emban. Namun, kekayaan di sini tidaklah bersifat materialistik berupa tumpukan harta, tetapi kekayaan jiwa dari rahmat Allah. Oleh karena itu, mungkin saja Allah telah mencabut rahmat dari bangsa kita sehingga sampai kini krisis demi krisis melanda negeri ini.

Selain harus mampu melaksanakan amanah sesuai posisi dan fungsi, kita harus bersikap jujur. Sikap jujur adalah upaya melakukan sesuatu atau menyampaikan sesuatu sesuai yang sebenarnya. Artinya jika kita jujur, kita akan melakukan sesuatu yang benar, dengan cara atau tahapan benar, untuk tujuan yang benar, dan dasar yang benar. “Janganlah engkau melihat kualitas diri seseorang itu dari panjang rukuk dan sujudnya, tetapi lihatlah dari kejujuran dan kesetiaan dalam menjalankan amanah”, demikian nasihat Imam Ja’far Ash-Shadiq. Hal ini sesuai dengan firman Allah dalam surah An-Nisa ayat 69, yang artinya: “Dan barangsiapa yang mentaati Allah dan rasul(-Nya), mereka itu akan bersama-sama orang-orang yang diberi nikmat oleh Allah, yaitu: Nabi-nabi, para shadiqin (orang-orang jujur dan mencintai kebenaran), orang-orang yang mati syahid, dan orang-orang shaleh. Dan mereka itulah teman sebaik-baiknya.”

Sekarang, sudahkah kita memiliki komitmen melaksanakan amanah dan bersikap serta berkata jujur? Jika sudah mari kita ajak keluarga kita, teman-teman kita, para atasan kita, para ustadz (murobbi) kita, para pemimpin dan wakil di pemerintahan kita untuk melaksanakan amanah yang diemban dan untuk bersikap serta berkata jujur. Sebagai pribadi kita harus melaksanakan amanah Allah untuk mengosongkan diri dari kemaksiatan, mengisi dengan iman dan ilmu, dan menghiasi dengan akhlak mulia. Kita juga usahakan agar keluarga kita memiliki kecerdasan aqliyah, kekokohan aqidah, dan keistiqamahan amaliyah. Setelah itu mari kita mendemontrasikan akhlak mulia secara kolektif agar menjadi poeple power (kekuatan rakyat) dan gerakan oposisi untuk menekan para pemimpin dan wakil kita di pemerintah dan DPR agar berakhlak mulia, berpikiran cerdas dan dewasa, bersikap adil dan bijaksana, serta segera menepati janji dan melaksanakan amanah dalam menyejahterakan rakyat. Kita tidak butuh perdebatan yang emosional dan tidak cerdas dalam upaya membela rakyat seperti yang telah berlalu.
Namun kita tidak boleh putus asa dan harus yakin bahwa kualitas para pemimpin di pemerintahan dan wakil di DPR adalah gambaran kualitas masyarakat kita yang belum berkualitas secara kolektif. Dengan demikian kita kaummuslim yang mayoritas harus peduli perkembangan politik dan harus mampu memilih pemimpin dan wakil rakyat yang berakidah kuat, berpikiran cerdas, berakhlak mulia, bersikap adil, dan mau melaksanakan amanah, serta jujur dalam berucap dan bertindak. Bagi kita tidak perlu merasa ada masa (priode) yang sia-sia. Ketika dalam kondisi begini seperti kita rasakan, masih banyak yang pelu kita urus mengenai umat ini, ketika dalam kondisi semi berkuasa kita diperintahkan untuk bersikap cerdas, bijaksana, dan penuh perhitungan. Begitu pula jika Allah memberi amanah kepada kita untuk berkuasa atau memimpin bangsa, Allah memerintahkan kita bersikap adil, mengayomi, dan melindungi orang-orang tertindas dan minoritas, siapa pun orangnya. Sekarang, dalam menyikapi kebijakan pemerintah yang merugikan rakyat, kita sarankan kepada wakil kita di DPR: Bersikaplah proaktif; janganlah melakukan tindakan yang akan menyengsarakan diri seperti mogok makan atau membakar diri, dsb. “…dan janganlah kamu menjatuhkan dirimu sendiri ke dalam kebinasaan”, begitu perintah Allah dalam al-Quran (QS.2:195); Selain itu laksanakanlah perintah: “Bermusyawarahlah dengan mereka dalam urusan itu, kemudian jika kamu telah membulatkan tekad maka bertakwalah kepada Allah”. Jika belum berhasil juga, Allah telah menganugerahi kita akal untuk berpikir.

Seandainya kita mau menggali ajaran dari Allah dan Rasul-Nya dalam al-Quran dan sunah melalui orang-orang yang amanah dan jujur serta memiliki kualitas yang lebih dari sekedar mengajarkan, insya Allah kita tidak akan menghadapi masyarakat begini ini atau para pemimpin dan wakil rakyat begitu itu. Kita akan menghadapi masyarakat atau orang-orang yang sangat dekat dengan Allah dan kelak di akhirat akan dekat dengan Rasulullah. Siapa gerangan? “Nanti yang paling dekat denganku pada hari kiamat adalah kalian yang paling jujur dalam berbicara, paling setia dalam menjalankan amanah, paling menepati janji, paling bagus akhlaknya, dan paling khidmat kepada manusia”, begitu sabda Rasulullah saw.

AHMAD DIMYATI,
Editor Penerbit Grafindo Bandung

1.The Matrix
2.Anima Matrix
3.Batman Begins
4.Yüzüklerin Efendisi
5.The Godfather
6.Rambo
7.Rocky
8.Esaretin Bedeli
9.City of God
10.Fight Club
11.Saw
12.Seven
13.Gladiator
14.The Prestige
15.Terminator
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17.The Game
18.Geleceğe Dönüş
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22.Casino Royal
23.Altıncı His
24.Kayıp Balık Nemo
25.Toy Story
26.V for Vendetta
27.Hostel
28.Scary Movie
29.American Pie
30.Mortal Kombat
31.Maymunlar Gezegeni
32.Karayip Korsanları
33.Kod Adı Kılıç Balığı
34.Görevimiz Tehlike
35.Şeytanın Avukatı
36.Blade
37.Underworld
38.X-Men
39.Eşkiya
40.Kahpe Bizans
41.Beyzanın Kadınları
42.Alien vs Predetor
43.Şitlerin Listesi
44.Fast and Furious
45.Komplo Teorisi
46.Derin Darbe
47.Örümcek Adam
48.Hero
49.Shaolin Soccer
50.Cennetin Krallığı
51.Aman Tanrım
52.Click
53.Akıl Oyunları
54.Memento
55.Snatch
56.Vizontele
57.Ateşli Piliç
58.Hayvan
59.İskelet Anahtar
60.Sihirbaz
61.Troy
62.300 Spartalı
63.Top Gun
64.İskoçyalı
65.Kan Sporu
66.Karate Kid
67.Çıplak Silah
68.A Few Good Men
69.Ocean’s Eleven
70.Final Destination
71.Salak ve Avanak
72.Romeo Ölmeli
73.The Bourne
74.Conan
75.Zodiac
76.Shrek
77.Savaş Tanrısı
78.American History X
79.Kickboxer
80.Taşıyıcı
81.Er Ryan’ı Kurtarmak
82.Kabadayı
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84.Hayalet
85.Şeytanın Avukatı

She and another editor came up with it "for people who have proven themselves to be dependable and good reporters/writers." She said she hopes the increased pay scale will help me out a lot.

Compared to previously making $50 to $65 per story, I will now earn $85 to $100 depending on where the story runs in the newspaper. They also added a $12 travel expense for covering an assignment outside my home county.

However, I still don't receive any benefits or gas coverage. It won't be enough to buy health insurance and definitely won't cover all my bills. The main thing is that I'm getting the experience I need in a town that I know and love.

And it sure feels good to be able to say I got a raise.

Also, my editor asked if I'd be interested in writing for their business journal, a monthly publication with stories on businesses. She said they're looking to improve story quality and can set up an interview with the business journal's editor next week.

More on that to come.